Follow the sentences:
• If he comes, I shall go. Or, I shall go if he comes.
• If you run in the sun, you will become sick.
• If you come lately, you will miss the train.
• If Mina goes to school, I shall go home.
These sentences shows that one part is of the sentences are present simple with ‘if’ and the other part is with future simple. Such kind of sentence like “If+ Present +Future” is called conditionals.
There are two types of conditional sentence:
1. Open conditional sentence
2. Closed conditional sentence
Open Conditional Sentence:
This is used when the incident probably has been happened.
• If you help me, I shall remain grateful.
• If he comes, I shall go to my home.
• If he obeys, he will prosper in Life.
• If I were rich, I would help the poor.
• If I become a doctor, I shall prescribe the poor without any cost.
Closed Conditional Sentence:
This is used when the incident is impossible in life.
• Had I the wings of a bird, I would have flown to my village home.
• If I had the habit of a monkey, I would able to dance on the branch of a tree.
• If I were a king, I would make you the queen.
• First Conditional Sentence:
• If + present + future:__________________
If +Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite:
• If you come, I shall go to school.
• If you read regularly, you will do well in the examination.
• If you earn much, you will become rich.
• If he is late, he will miss the train.
• If she does not come, I will not do the work.
• If Mina goes, I will help her.
• If Salma become happy, I will be a happy man.
1. Variation of the main clause:
(i.) If + present + may/might (in stead of future, means possibility):
• If the fog gets thicker, the plane may/might be diverted.
• If they become angry, I may/might be avoided.
• If he does the sum, I may/might be allowed to help her.
• If Salam ate medicine, he may/might be recovered.
(ii) If + Present + May (permission) or, Can (permission or ability):
• If it stops snowing, we can go out (permission).
• If your documents are in order, you may /can leave at once (permission).
• If you are an honest, you may get help from Mohsin.
• If you are Rina, You may get a pen from me.
(iii) If + Present + Must, should or any expression of command, request or advice.
• If you want to lose your weight, you must/ should eat less.
• If you see Kamal tomorrow, you could ask him to ring me.
• If you would like to have GP 5, you must work hard.
• If they help me, I must help them.
• If she lives in a hut, she must get help from other.
(iv) If + Present + Another present:
• If you heat rice, it turns to water (or will turn).
• If you study heard, you earn good marks.
• If you read a lot, you learn a lot
• If you come late, you miss the train.
• We are going to play if it does not rain.
• If the students respect their teachers, they love them most.
2. a. Variations of the ‘if clause’:
If + Present Simple or Indefinite:
There are some variations in the clause. They are as follows:
(i) If + Present Continuous:
• If you are waiting for a bus, you would better join the (queue) line.
• If you are staying another night, I will ask manager to give you better room.
• If you are moving, I will help to walk.
• If you are doing the sum, I will help you in danger.
• If you are practicing to write a paragraph, you will be abler to write a composition freely.
(ii) If + Present perfect:
• If you have finished dinner, I will ask the waiter for the bill.
• If he has written the letter, I will post it.
• If they have not seen the museum, we’d better go there today.
• Second Conditional Sentence:
If + Past simple + Future indefinite in past (Principal clause)
• If Kamal came, I would go.
• If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
• If somebody tried to blackmail me, I would tell the police.
• If Seema came to my home as wife, I would be happy.
• If Luna took me as lover, I would be happier.
• If Hasan asked me, I would answer.
• If Salma sung a song, I would happy.
b. Variations of the main clause:
• If he were to resign = If he resigned.
• If I were you to success= I succeed.
Might/ could in stead of would.
• If you tried again you would succeed. (certain)
• If you tried again you might succeed. (possible)
• If I knew her number, I could ring her up. (ability)
Variations of If clause:
(1) If + Past simple --› If + past continuous:
• If we were going by boat, I would feel much happier.
• If you were doing the work, I would help you much.
(2) If + Past simple --› If + Past perfect:
• If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
• If I had had the wings of a bird, I would be flied to my village home.
• If I had gone to Dhaka, I would be gone to village home.
• Third Conditional Sentence:
If + Past perfect + Future (Past Perfect form)
• If I had seen him, I would have known him.
• If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the frontier.
• If I had had the wings of a bird, I would have flown to my village home.
• If Mina had done this, I would have done that work.
• Had I done the work, he would have done the sum.
Variations of the basic form: could/ might in stead of ‘would’:
• If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. (Ability)
• If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life. (Possibility)
‘Past Perfect’ in stead of ‘If clause’:
• If I had written a letter, I would have posted it.
• If he had done the work, I would have taken the opportunity.
We can write ‘Had’ beginning of the of the sentence canceling if:
• If I had the wings of a bird, I would have flown to my village home.
= Had I the wings of a bird, I would have flown to my village home.
Complex Sentence:
A complex sentence is one that contains one principal clause with or one or more subordinate clauses.
Example:
• Although he is poor, he is honest.
• He came here while I was reading an interesting book.
• The book which was interesting is mine.
• It was raining when he came to our home.
• As the boys worked hard, they grew tired.
• I know where he lives.
• We know when he will come.
• They returned home after the sun had set.
• He can not come because he is ill.
• Wait here until I come back.
• Tell me the way how you did it.
• I know the reason why he said so.
• You cannot succeed if you do not work hard.
From the above examples, we can say that complex sentences written with: as, comma, why, who, how, if, whether, which, when, since, while, where, because, despite, so that, though, although, unless, before, after, so – that, that etc.
Compound Sentence:
A compound sentence has more than one principal clause connected by one or more co-ordinating conjunction.
• The man is rich but unhappy.
• The man is poor but honest.
• Do or die. Move or die.
• The woman came here and returned at once.
• Nazrul was both poet and a dramatist.
• Read regularly or you will not do well in the examination.
• Neither Rahim nor his brothers are working here.
• I always help him on the contrary he worked against me.
• I know you spoke against me, yet I am angry with you.
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