English Grammar and Composition Learning

pdf files

Active voice: When the verb of a subject is active  its own, then we can say  it  an active voice. Examples: I do the  work. Karim eats rice. Salma reads a book. Kobita is eating bread. Passive Voice : When the verb of a subject  become in active  then it is called passive voice. Examples: The work is done by me. Rice is eaten by Karim. A book is read by Salma. NB: She  is done  the work. A book  have had  by me. She  is gone  to school. We think  these are not  voice, but  they may be some special sentence. On the other hand it does not en-broaden linguistic beauty of the sentence. Rules of  Changing voice :  1.     Present Indefinite q   Object of active becomes the subject of passive voice. Subject  becomes object with possessive form and by.  Auxiliary verb am, is, are places before main verb. Main verb transforms into past  participle. in brief:       obj---------------- subject      Subj ------------- by+ o bject      AV -------------- am, is, are     

Def: Sentence is a group of word that gives a complete sense. As: I have a pen. They are poor. Bangladesh is our homeland. We love our country and the people. These group of words complete the meaning. Therefore they are sentence. On the other hand:  Consider the following sentences:  Pen have I a. Lokman an  effective man living  in is Kolabagan. These are  not sentences  Because they can not finish complete sense.  The  three things for a sentence:  1. It is a group of words arranged in a particular order or proper order and  it make a complete sense. 2. The first word must begin with Capital letter. 3. The sentence  must end with proper punctuation mark. Two parts of a sentence : 1.Subject  2. Predicate. Subject : In  the sentence  the person who works is called subject. Subject  may be person or things. But it must contain a noun phrase or  noun or pronoun that contain a  nominative  case  but it never be a possessive case.  Alam is a man. Seema is a woman. Th

Conjunctions Definition :  A conjunction is a part of speech that connects two or more words, phrases, clauses or sentences. Conjunctions are generally two types: 1. Cumulative or copulative And: Seema and Rima are two sisters. Rice and curry is our staple food. We saw him playing and shouting with the boys.  Both—and: Both Mina and Rina passed the examination. Both Lubna and Seema got scholarship. Both Hanif and Matin give up their education at tender age.  No less--- than: You are no less fit for the job than he. Salma is no less fit for the first than Mina. As well as: The president as well as the secretary has come. Not only ---but also: He is not only a thief but also a culprit. Mr. Rahman is not only a teacher but also a philosopher. 1.2 Alternative or Disjunctive: Either --- or: Either Ruby or Baby did this work. Either Sumi or Juthi said the fact. Neither --- nor: Neither Mini nor Tinni passed in the exam. Or: Study hard or you will fail in the exam.  Othe

Everybody who would like to know English using his or her mother tongue can practice translation well.Bangla or Bengali is a language that is also full of translation. In this chapter I would like to provide a translation method for non - Bengali speaker so that he will be able to speak Bengali in his or her own language. The first thing in translation,  is  the structure of  sentences in a language . So we should aware about  the structure of sentences. continued

Def: Preposition is a word that sits before a noun and makes a meaning. In English grammar its use is available. Look at  the following sentences: There is a book on the table. He lives at Chaumuhani. Mr. Pot lived in Dhaka . The bird flew away over my head. In above sentences on, at, in, over placed before the table, Chaumuhani, Dhaka , my head. So on, at, in, over are called prepositions. On other hands Pre - means previous and position means situation. So it alphabetically means previous situation. There is a question, where it sits. It sits before noun or pronoun, so it is called preposition. Recognized definition : A preposition is a word placed before a noun or noun equivalent to show in what relation the person or thing denoted thereby stand to something else —J.C. Nesfield. A preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun stands the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else —Wren & Martin. A preposition is a w