Articles

Def:  The words that uses to indicate noun is known as Articles. In other words a, an, the  is  called articles.They are of  two kinds:

1. The Definite  Article 

2. Indefinite  Article

The Definite  Article :
The is known as definite article.
Examples: The woman is old. The house is to let. The man is young.

Indefinite  Article:
A, An is called indefinite article.
Examples: A Kamran came here.  I eat an egg.  This is a ewe. She looked an owl and feared.

Use Of the:  

 1. Placed before particular or definite things or animals. 

As: The cat follows the rat. The novel is good. The book is mine. The man is pious. The boy is running. Let us start the play. The rat is always aware of the dog.
2.Placed before singular common noun.

As: The goat lives on grass.  The rose looks fine. The sunflower faces to the sun. The rose is the sweetest of all flowers. The Arabian can speak Arabic well.

3. Placed before newspaper, pure religious,  or sacred book, and famous poem.
As: I read the Ittefaq. The Quran is a holy book. The Morning Star is a daily newspaper.  He reads the Holy Quran daily. John Milton wrote the Paradise Lost. Michel Modhusudhan Dutta wrote Meghnad Bod  epic.
4. Before mountains , islands,  desert, plain  or  high land and ship.
   As: The Himalayas are in Nepal.  It is a large mountain. The Andaman is under India.

5. Placed before historical events , well-known institution and goods.
As: He Battle of Panipath held between Humayun and Shersah.  The Tajmahal is a beautiful monument. The new market is situated near Dhaka University.
6. Placed before a country, place, meaningful geographical name.
 As: The Punjab is a land of five rivers. The USA is rich and powerful country. She starts for the UK. The USSR was a powerful country.
7.  Before historical  well - known institutions and  goods.
As:  The New Market  is near Dhaka University which is  called the oxford of the east. The rate of the daily necessary things are rising  day  by day. 
8. Before  planet, sub-planet, star, date, direction, etc.
As: The earth is round.  The moon shines at  night. The sun is floating  on  its orbit.  Our school faces the south.  He  was born  on the 16th July 1989.
9. Before Selection of Comparative degree.
As: Between Anne and Jane  Anne is the best. 
10. Before the superlative degree of adjective.
As: Kaniz is the best of all girls in class eight. 
Bulbul is the best boy in the class. 
11. Before Comparative degree of an adverb.  As: The sooner, the better. 
12. To compare with the person as same quality with whom is compared. As: Nazrul is the Byron of Bangladesh.  Narayangonj is the Dundee of Bangladesh. Kaikobad  is the Milton of Bangladesh.  Barishal is the Venice of Bangladesh.
13. Before cast or class.

As: The rich are not always happy.  The poor lived from  hand  to mouth. The virtuous are happy.  The poor are not unhappy.

14. Before  Abstract  idea  to mean  common  Noun. As: The  mother rose in her piteous sight. Check the beast in you.

15. Before occupation or profession.   As: She joined the bar yesterday.

16. Abstract noun of particular place or kind. 
 As: The rice of Barishal is fine.
 The water of this  pond is clear. 17. Before  an abstract noun to indicate  quality  of  person  and  things.
As: The kindness of Mohsin is known to all.  The knowledge of Munsi Meher Ullah was  known to all at that period.
18. Before  same person or thing.
As: Mr. Faruque is the Headmaster of the School. It is an ant. The ant did a lot to live.
19. Before certain person.  As: Look at the orphan boy.  The boys plays football.
20. Before singular , plural, countable or uncountable noun.

As: The pen is blue. The books are red. The tea of Sylhet is  available. The  student is  meritorious.

Use of A: 

21. Before  a consonant.  As: He is a boy.  She is a girl. It is a dog.

22. Before uncertain person or thing.
As: A Rahim came here.  A Hasan came here. I see a bird.  I see a gang of robber. He is a doctor.

23. Before 'e' pronounced like 'yu' .
As: This is a ewe. She is a European. 

24. Before ' U ' pronounced like 'yu'.
As: She is a university student.  It is a unique picture. The cow is a useful animal. 

25. Before 'O' pronounced like 'wa'.
As: He is a one-eyed man.  That was a one -act play.  She gave the beggar a one -taka note. 

26. Before a noun to use  as proper or abstract noun.
As: A Mirzafar can destroy a nation. She is a Beauty.  You are a Bhashani. You are a Nazrul I see.  He is a Rabindranath. 

27. Before following words if they places before plural noun: few, little, good, lot of, great many, great deal of, good deal of etc.  As: A few persons were present there. Karun had a great deal of money. They have bought a lot of things.  The old man lived a great many years ago.  

28.  Before another noun  described  a man. As: He is a cricketer.  He is a teacher. 

29. Before singular common noun that takes the following words before it: quite, many, but, morn etc.   As: Robinson Crusoe was  quite a famous  sailor.  He is rather a brilliant student.  Not a person was present there.  

30. Before some phrases:   As: In a nutshell,  In a temper,  In a fix.. 

31. Before numerical expression: couple, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, score etc.
As: There are a thousand people.  Here is a dozen of eggs.

32. Before each noun that compare between two words.
As: He is both a farmer and a businessman. It is as essential as a pen or a paper. 

Use of 'An'

33. Before the word beginning with a vowel.   As: This is an egg. I saw an ant.  It is an ink-pot.  He gave me an orange.  I have an uncle called Habib. There is an ugly bird called crow. He is an uncle as his age.

34. Before uncertain  noun that indicate person or thing . As: An Alam came here.  I have an umbrella. I saw an owl and ran away.

35. Before 'h' pronounced as 'au' .   As: Mr. Habib is an honest man.  Mr. Hakim was also an honest man.  Sixty minutes makes an hour.

36. Before the word with 'h' where stress adds on second syllable.  As: I shall stay in an hour.  This is an historical place.  He is an historian. 

 37. Before consonant pronounced like vowel.  As: He is an M.A. My uncle is an S.D.O.    Mr. Hussen is an M.P. Sumana  is an F.R.C.S.  Mr. Manik is an LLB.  Sehab is an M.L,A..

 38. Before a proper noun used as common noun.  As: An Akbar can save the nation . An Abraham can save the American from war.

39.  Before a noun describe by noun.  As: He had an opportunity to do the work.

40. Before before each noun that uses to compare between two nouns.  As  : He is neither an engineer nor an architect.

Omission of Articles:

Omission of article means no article is placed.

41. Before man as a nation.    As: Man is mortal.

42. Before  disease: As: He rescued from fever, Rahim is died of Cholera. Hamida suffers from malaria.

43. Before  language: He knows French well. She is expert in English. I am an M.A in English.

44. Normally before mountain or island. As: Everest is a large mountain. Hokkaido is an   island.

45. Before  father, mother or nearest relatives. As: Mother loves her child. Mother is not at home. Father is not at office.

46. Before God, Heaven, Hell, and Paradise. As: God is almighty. Allah is all in all in the universe. Paradise has yet no charm for me .

47. Before plural common noun. As: Cows eat grass. Lions are found in the deep forest.
48. Before phrase: As: He is  quite at home in algebra. Don't make a noise in the class.
49. Before proper noun, any designation or class. As: Mr. John , the Principal of this  college  is an  old man. 
Source: From the  note of Md. Moheb Ullah
mhb.mian@gmail.com
http://www.ziddu.com/download/14688031/articles.pdf.html